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Environmental law in the Solomon Islands focuses on protecting natural resources, biodiversity, and promoting sustainable development. Key legislation includes the Environment Act 1998 (mandating Environmental Impact Assessments), the Protected Areas Act 2010 (establishing conservation zones), and the Wildlife Protection and Management Act 1998 (implementing CITES). Customary land ownership (covering 80-90% of land) plays a significant role alongside formal laws. International agreements like the UNFCCC and CBD guide climate and biodiversity policies. Enforcement challenges, deforestation, marine resource depletion, and climate vulnerability remain key issues, with communities actively involved in conservation efforts.
Balancing economic development with environmental protection and social equity
The government holds certain resources (e.g., navigable waters, wildlife) in trust for the public and must manage them for the benefit of current and future generations.
Those who pollute or degrade natural resources must bear the costs of remediation and environmental damage.
Taking preventive action in the face of scientific uncertainty to avoid environmental harm.
Ensuring that natural resources are managed in a way that benefits both current and future generations.
Decision-making should occur at the most local level possible to ensure effective and responsive resource management.